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通过实例模拟ASP.NET MVC的Model绑定的机制:集合+字典

发布:2014/11/10 13:20:42作者:管理员 来源:本站 浏览次数:1890

在本系列的前面两篇文章(《简单类型+复杂类型》、《数组》)我们通过创建的实例程序模拟了ASP.NET MVC默认使用的DefaultModelBinder对简单类型、复杂类型以及数组对象的Model绑定。现在我们按照相同的方式来分析基于集合和字典类型的Model绑定是如何实现的。[源代码从这里下载][本文已经同步到《How ASP.NET MVC Works?》中]

一、集合

这里的集合指的是除数组和字典之外的所有实现IEnumerable<T>接口的类型。和基于数组的Model绑定类似,ValueProvider可以将多个同名的数据项作为集合的元素,基于索引(基零整数和字符串)的数据项命名方式同样适用。我们对自定义的DefaultModelBinder作了如下的完善使之支持集合类型的Model绑定。

 1: public class DefaultModelBinder
 2: {
 3: //其他成员
 4: public object BindModel(Type parameterType, string prefix)
 5: {
 6: if (!this.ValueProvider.ContainsPrefix(prefix))
 7: {
 8: return null;
 9: }
 10: ModelMetadata modelMetadata = ModelMetadataProviders.Current.GetMetadataForType(() => null, parameterType);
 11: if (!modelMetadata.IsComplexType)
 12: {
 13: return this.ValueProvider.GetValue(prefix).ConvertTo(parameterType);
 14: }
 15: if (parameterType.IsArray)
 16: {
 17: return BindArrayModel(parameterType, prefix);
 18: }
 19: object model = CreateModel(parameterType);
 20: Type enumerableType = ExtractGenericInterface(parameterType, typeof(IEnumerable<>));
 21: if (null != enumerableType)
 22: {
 23: return BindCollectionModel(prefix, model, enumerableType);
 24: }
 25: foreach (PropertyDescriptor property in TypeDescriptor.GetProperties(parameterType))
 26: {                
 27: string key = prefix == "" ? property.Name : prefix + "." + property.Name;
 28: property.SetValue(model, BindModel(property.PropertyType, key));
 29: }
 30: return model;
 31: }
 32:  
 33: private object BindCollectionModel(string prefix, object model, Type enumerableType)
 34: {
 35: List<object> list = new List<object>();
 36: bool numericIndex;
 37: IEnumerable<string> indexes = GetIndexes(prefix, out numericIndex);
 38: Type elementType = enumerableType.GetGenericArguments()[0];
 39:  
 40: if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(prefix) && this.ValueProvider.ContainsPrefix(prefix))
 41: {
 42: IEnumerable enumerable = this.ValueProvider.GetValue(prefix).ConvertTo(enumerableType) as IEnumerable;
 43: if (null != enumerable)
 44: {
 45: foreach (var value in enumerable)
 46: {
 47: list.Add(value);
 48: }
 49: }
 50: }      
 51: foreach (var index in indexes)
 52: {
 53: string indexPrefix = prefix + "[" + index + "]";
 54: if (!this.ValueProvider.ContainsPrefix(indexPrefix) && numericIndex)
 55: {
 56: break;
 57: }
 58: list.Add(BindModel(elementType, indexPrefix));
 59: }
 60: if (list.Count == 0)
 61: {
 62: return null;
 63: }
 64: ReplaceHelper.ReplaceCollection(elementType, model, list);
 65: return model;
 66: }
 67: 
 68: private Type ExtractGenericInterface(Type queryType, Type interfaceType)
 69: {
 70: Func<Type, bool> predicate = t => t.IsGenericType && (t.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == interfaceType);
 71: if (!predicate(queryType))
 72: {
 73: return queryType.GetInterfaces().FirstOrDefault<Type>(predicate);
 74: }
 75: return queryType;
 76: }
 77: }

如上面的代码片断所示,在BindModel方法中我们通过调用ExtractGenericInterface判断目标类型是否实现了 IEnumerable<T>接口,如果实现了该接口则提取泛型元素类型。针对集合的Model绑定实现在方法 BindCollectionModel中,我们按照数组绑定的方式得的针对目标集合对象的所有元素对象,并将其添加到一个 List<object>对象中,然后调用ReplaceHelper 的静态方法ReplaceCollection将该列表中的元素拷贝到预先创建的Model对象中。定义在ReplaceHelper的静态方法 ReplaceCollection定义如下:

 1: internal static class ReplaceHelper
 2: {
 3: private static MethodInfo replaceCollectionMethod = typeof(ReplaceHelper).GetMethod("ReplaceCollectionImpl", BindingFlags.Static |BindingFlags.NonPublic);
 4:  
 5: public static void ReplaceCollection(Type collectionType, object collection, object newContents)
 6: {
 7: replaceCollectionMethod.MakeGenericMethod(new Type[] { collectionType }).Invoke(null, new object[] { collection, newContents });
 8: } 
 9: private static void ReplaceCollectionImpl<T>(ICollection<T> collection, IEnumerable newContents)
 10: {
 11: collection.Clear();
 12: if (newContents != null)
 13: {
 14: foreach (object obj2 in newContents)
 15: {
 16: T item = (obj2 is T) ? ((T)obj2) : default(T);
 17: collection.Add(item);
 18: }
 19: }
 20: }
 21: }

为了让演示针对集合类型的Model绑定,我们对实例中的HomeController作了如下的修改。Action方法的参数类型替换成 IEnumerable<Contact>,该集合中的每个Contact的信息在该方法中被呈现出来。通过 GetValueProvider提供的NameValueCollectionValueProvider采用基零整数索引的方式定义数据项。

 1: public class HomeController : Controller
 2: {
 3: private IValueProvider GetValueProvider()
 4: {
 5: NameValueCollection requestData = new NameValueCollection();
 6: requestData.Add("[0].Name", "Foo");
 7: requestData.Add("[0].PhoneNo", "123456789");
 8: requestData.Add("[0].EmailAddress", "Foo@gmail.com");
 9:  
 10: requestData.Add("[1].Name", "Bar");
 11: requestData.Add("[1].PhoneNo", "987654321");
 12: requestData.Add("[1].EmailAddress", "Bar@gmail.com");
 13:  
 14: return new NameValueCollectionValueProvider(requestData, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
 15: }
 16: 
 17: public void Action(IEnumerable<Contact> contacts)
 18: {
 19: foreach (Contact contact in contacts)
 20: {
 21: Response.Write(string.Format("{0}: {1}<br/>", "Name", contact.Name));
 22: Response.Write(string.Format("{0}: {1}<br/>", "Phone No.", contact.PhoneNo));
 23: Response.Write(string.Format("{0}: {1}<br/><br/>", "Email Address",contact.EmailAddress));
 24: }
 25: }
 26: }

该程序被执行之后,在浏览器上依然会呈现出如下所示的我们希望的数据,这充分证明了我们自定义的DefaultModelBinder具有针对集合的绑定能力。

 1: Name: Foo
 2: PhoneNo: 123456789
 3: EmailAddress: Foo@gmail.com
 4:  
 5: Name: Bar
 6: PhoneNo: 987654321
 7: EmailAddress: Bar@gmail.com

二、 字典

这里的字典指的是实现了接口IDictionary<TKey,TValue>的类型。在Model绑定过程中基于字典类型的数据映射 很好理解,首先,字典是一个KeyValuePair<TKey,TValue>对象的集合,所以在字典元素这一级可以采用基于索引的匹配机 制;其次,KeyValuePair<TKey,TValue>是一个复杂类型,可以按照属性名称(Key和Value)进行匹配。比如说作 为某个ValueProvider数据源的NameValueCollection具有如下的结构,它可以映射为一个 IDictionary<string, Contact>对象(Contact对象作为Value,其Name属性作为Key)。

 1: [0].Key               : Foo
 2: [0].Value.Name        : Foo
 3: [0].Value.EmailAddress: Foo@gmail.com
 4: [0].Value.PhoneNo     : 123456789
 5:  
 6: [1].Key               : Bar
 7: [1].Value.Name        : Bar
 8: [1].Value.EmailAddress: Bar@gmail.com
 9: [1].Value.PhoneNo     : 987654321

现在我们对用于模拟默认Model绑定的自定义DefaultModelBinder作最后的完善,使之支持针对字典类型的Model绑定。如下面 的代码片断所示,在通过调用CreateModel创建Model对象之后,我们调用ExtractGenericInterface方法判断目标类型是 否是一个字典,如果是则返回具体的字典类型,然后调用BindDictionaryModel方法实施针对字典类型的Model绑定。

 1: public class DefaultModelBinder
 2: {
 3: //其他成员
 4: public object BindModel(Type parameterType, string prefix)
 5: {
 6: if (!this.ValueProvider.ContainsPrefix(prefix))
 7: {
 8: return null;
 9: }
 10:  
 11: ModelMetadata modelMetadata = ModelMetadataProviders.Current.GetMetadataForType(() => null, parameterType);
 12: if (!modelMetadata.IsComplexType)
 13: {
 14: return this.ValueProvider.GetValue(prefix).ConvertTo(parameterType);
 15: }
 16: if (parameterType.IsArray)
 17: {
 18: return BindArrayModel(parameterType, prefix);
 19: }
 20: object model = CreateModel(parameterType);
 21: Type dictionaryType = ExtractGenericInterface(parameterType, typeof(IDictionary<,>));
 22: if (null != dictionaryType)
 23: {
 24: return BindDictionaryModel(prefix, model, dictionaryType);
 25: }
 26:  
 27: Type enumerableType = ExtractGenericInterface(parameterType, typeof(IEnumerable<>));
 28: if (null != enumerableType)
 29: {
 30: return BindCollectionModel(prefix, model, enumerableType);
 31: }
 32: foreach (PropertyDescriptor property in TypeDescriptor.GetProperties(parameterType))
 33: {                
 34: string key = prefix == "" ? property.Name : prefix + "." + property.Name;
 35: property.SetValue(model, BindModel(property.PropertyType, key));
 36: }
 37: return model;
 38: }
 39: 
 40: private object BindDictionaryModel(string prefix, object model, Type dictionaryType)
 41: {
 42: List<KeyValuePair<object, object>> list = new List<KeyValuePair<object, object>>();
 43: bool numericIndex;
 44: IEnumerable<string> indexes = GetIndexes(prefix, out numericIndex);
 45: Type[] genericArguments = dictionaryType.GetGenericArguments();
 46: Type keyType = genericArguments[0];
 47: Type valueType = genericArguments[1];
 48:  
 49: foreach (var index in indexes)
 50: {
 51: string indexPrefix = prefix + "[" + index + "]";
 52: if (!this.ValueProvider.ContainsPrefix(indexPrefix) && numericIndex)
 53: {
 54: break;
 55: }
 56: string keyPrefix = indexPrefix + ".Key";
 57: string valulePrefix = indexPrefix + ".Value";
 58: list.Add(new KeyValuePair<object, object>(BindModel(keyType, keyPrefix), BindModel(valueType, valulePrefix)));
 59: }
 60: if (list.Count == 0)
 61: {
 62: return null;
 63: }
 64: ReplaceHelper.ReplaceDictionary(keyType, valueType, model, list);
 65: return model;
 66: }    
 67: }

在BindDictionaryModel方法中,我们采用与数组/集合绑定一样的方式调用GetIndexes方法得到索引列表。在对该列表进行 遍历过程中,我们在索引的基础上添加“.Key”和“.Value”后缀从而得到作为字典元素(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>)Key和Value对象的前缀,并将该前缀作为参数递归地调用BindModel方法得到具体作为Key和Value的对象。在得 到字典元素Key和Value之后,我们创建一个KeyValuePair<object, object>对象并添加预先创建的列表中。最后我们调用ReplaceHelper的静态方法ReplaceDictionary将该列表拷贝到 作为Model的字典对象中,ReplaceHelper的静态方法ReplaceDictionary定义如下。

 1: internal static class ReplaceHelper
 2: {
 3: //其他成员
 4: private static MethodInfo replaceDictionaryMethod = typeof(ReplaceHelper).GetMethod("ReplaceDictionaryImpl", BindingFlags.Static |BindingFlags.NonPublic);    
 5:  
 6: public static void ReplaceDictionary(Type keyType, Type valueType, object dictionary, object newContents)
 7: {
 8: replaceDictionaryMethod.MakeGenericMethod(new Type[] { keyType, valueType }).Invoke(null, new object[] { dictionary, newContents });
 9: }
 10:  
 11: private static void ReplaceDictionaryImpl<TKey, TValue>(IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary, IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<object, object>> newContents)
 12: {
 13: dictionary.Clear();
 14: foreach (KeyValuePair<object, object> pair in newContents)
 15: {
 16: TKey key = (TKey)pair.Key;
 17: TValue local2 = (TValue)((pair.Value is TValue) ? pair.Value : default(TValue));
 18: dictionary[key] = local2;
 19: }
 20: }
 21: }

我们照例通过我们创建的实例程序来验证自定义的DefaultModelBinder是否能够支持针对字典的Model绑定。如下面的代码片断所 示,我们让HomeController的Action方法接受一个IDictionary<string, Contact>类型的参数,并在该方法中将作为Key的字符串和作为Value的Contact的相关信息呈现出来。在 GetValueProvider方法中提供的NameValueCollectionValueProvider按照相应的映射规则对绑定到字典对象的 数据项。

 1: public class HomeController : Controller
 2: {
 3: private IValueProvider GetValueProvider()
 4: {
 5: NameValueCollection requestData = new NameValueCollection();
 6: requestData.Add("[0].Key", "Foo");
 7: requestData.Add("[0].Value.Name", "Foo");
 8: requestData.Add("[0].Value.PhoneNo", "123456789");
 9: requestData.Add("[0].Value.EmailAddress", "Foo@gmail.com");
 10:  
 11: requestData.Add("[1].Key", "Bar");
 12: requestData.Add("[1].Value.Name", "Bar");
 13: requestData.Add("[1].Value.PhoneNo", "987654321");
 14: requestData.Add("[1].Value.EmailAddress", "Bar@gmail.com");
 15:  
 16: return new NameValueCollectionValueProvider(requestData, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
 17: }
 18:  
 19: public void Action(IDictionary<string, Contact> contacts)
 20: {
 21: foreach (string key in contacts.Keys)
 22: {
 23: Response.Write(key + "<br/>");
 24: Contact contact = contacts[key];
 25: Response.Write(string.Format("&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{0}: {1}<br/>","Name", contact.Name));
 26: Response.Write(string.Format("&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{0}: {1}<br/>","PhoneNo", contact.PhoneNo));
 27: Response.Write(string.Format("&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{0}: {1}<br/><br/>", "EmailAddress", contact.EmailAddress));
 28: }
 29: }
 30: }

程序运行之后会在浏览器中得到如下的我们期望的输出结果。(S520)

 1: Foo
 2: Name: Foo
 3: PhoneNo: 123456789
 4: EmailAddress: Foo@gmail.com
 5:  
 6: Bar
 7: Name: Bar
 8: PhoneNo: 987654321
 9: EmailAddress: Bar@gmail.com