发布:2023/12/7 18:50:12作者:管理员 来源:本站 浏览次数:519
目录
一、什么是dapper
二、实现问题与思路 & 源码参考
三、小结
一、什么是dapper
dapper是个组件,一个dll文件,可以通过NuGet下载。
作用:快速访问数据库并自动完成数据库表对象到C#类对象的字段映射。
应用:对于要完成简单的查询、报表之类的应用是非常快捷、方便的。
比较:
旧有读取数据的方式:
复制代码
1 private static List<JsonData> getData()
2 {
3 List<JsonData> result = new List<JsonData>();
4 var ds = oracleHelper.getResult("select * from test.scheduleSQL where dwd_nm is not null");
5 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
6 try
7 {
8 foreach (DataRow dr in ds.Tables[0].Rows)
9 {
10 var entity = new JsonData();
11 entity.TB_DES = dr["TB_DES"].ToString();
12
13 entity.DB_ID = dr["DB_ID"].ToString();
14 entity.SOURCE_OWNER = dr["SOURCE_OWNER"].ToString();
15 entity.SOURCE_NM = dr["SOURCE_NM"].ToString();
16
17 entity.ODS_NM = dr["ODS_NM"].ToString();
18 entity.TMP_NM = dr["TMP_NM"].ToString();
19 entity.TMPVIEW_NM = dr["TMPVIEW_NM"].ToString();
20 entity.DWD_NM = dr["DWD_NM"].ToString();
21
22 entity.EXTRACT_SQL = dr["EXTRACT_SQL"].ToString();
23 entity.TOODS_SQL = dr["TOODS_SQL"].ToString();
24 entity.TODWD_SQL = dr["TODWD_SQL"].ToString();
25
26 result.Add(entity);
27 }
28 }
29 catch (Exception ex)
30 { }
31 return result;
32 }
复制代码
需要一行行写对应字段,就算可以通过一些手段自动生成,也是不耐其烦。
使用dapper,它封装了字段映射:
复制代码
1 public static void MySQLConn()
2 {
3 try
4 {
5 var result = DapperHelper.Query<project>(DB.NS_DS, "select * from ds.project ");
6 Console.WriteLine($"COUNT : {result.Count.ToString()}");
7 }
8 catch (Exception ex)
9 {
10 Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
11 }
12 }
13
14 public static List<T> Query<T>(string connectionString, string sql)
15 {
16 List<T> result = new List<T>();
17 try
18 {
19 using (var conn = new MySqlConnection(connectionString))
20 {
21 result = conn.Query<T>(sql).ToList();
22 }
23 }
24 catch (Exception ex)
25 {
26 Console.WriteLine($"Query failed : {ex.Message} .");
27 }
28 return result;
29 }
30
31 private class project
32 {
33 public string id { get; set; }
34 public string name { get; set; }
35 }
复制代码
简单的一句 Query<T>(sql),传入要自动映射到的类型T,以及查询的sql就可以了。
二、实现思路
因为数据库表列名 = 类字段名称,很容易得出,映射是这样的:
entity.字段 = dataReader[字段]
复制代码
1 public static IList<T> Query<T>(string sql)
2 {
3 var result = new List<T>();
4 var properties = typeof(T).GetProperties();
5 while (dataReader.Read())
6 foreach (PropertyInfo field in properties)
7 {
8 object val = Convert.ChangeType(dataReader.GetString(index), field.PropertyType);
9 typeof(T).GetProperty(field.Name).SetValue(obj, val);
10 }
11 result.Add((T)obj);
12 }
13 }
复制代码
这就结束战斗了?其实还有2个问题。
1、 获取数据库连接
2、 如果T传入的是int、string或者是结构体类型,如何处理?
针对问题1:获取数据库连接配置
对于数据库的连接上,一开始我是这么写的,只要轻轻地 DbSetting.Get(db) 就可以得到连接串
复制代码
1 public enum Dbs
2 {
3 M_CD = 0,
4 M_DS = 1,
5 NS_CD = 2,
6 NS_DS = 3
7 }
8
9 public class DbSetting
10 {
11 private static IDictionary<Enum, string> _dic;
12
13 private static string M_DS = "Database='ds';Data Source='10.168.1.1';User Id='test';Password='123456'";
14 private static string NS_DS = "Database='ds';Data Source='10.24.1.1';User Id='test';Password='123456'";
15 private static string M_CD = "Data Source=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.168.1.2)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=otest)));User Id=test;Password=123456";
16 private static string NS_CD = "Data Source=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.24.1.2)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=test)));User Id=test;Password=123456";
17
18 public static string Get(Enum db)
19 {
20 if (_dic == null) init();
21 return _dic[db];
22 }
23
24 private static void init()
25 {
26 _dic = new Dictionary<Enum, string>();
27 _dic.Add(Dbs.M_DS, M_DS);
28 _dic.Add(Dbs.NS_DS, NS_DS);
29 _dic.Add(Dbs.M_CD, M_CD);
30 _dic.Add(Dbs.NS_CD, NS_CD);
31 }
32 }
复制代码
但很快遇到问题,我写了4个连接串,分别是两种类型的数据库,而不同数据库的连接需要引用对应的组件,
像是连接oracle,需要Oracle.ManagedDataAccess;连接MySQL,需引用MySql.Data,
不同数据库类型,DBConnection对象会不一样;我要如何自动匹配到需要使用哪个DBConnection类呢?
可以比较一下二者是怎么完成数据库连接的:
using (MySqlConnection conn = getConn(db))
{
MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand(sql, conn);
MySqlDataReader reader = cmd.ExecuteReader();
while (reader.Read())
{
string id = reader.GetString("id");
string name = reader.GetString("name");
//。。
}
reader.Close();
conn.Close();
}
using (OracleConnection conn = connectDB())
{
OracleCommand cmd = new OracleCommand(sql, conn);
OracleDataReader od = cmd.ExecuteReader();
//。。
}
注意 xxConnection,
注意 xxCommand
注意 xxDataReader
可以推断出,数据库连接并且读取数据,都需要实现 IDbConnection、IDbCommand、IDataReader这三个接口。
归纳一下,完成“连接数据库”,需要知道连接串、数据库类型、DbConnection类、DbCommand类、DataReader类
可以设计一个对象,携带好这些配置。
维护数据库的信息就变得简单,只需要配置连接串 + 数据库类型,即一句 public static DB M_DS = new DB("连接串", "MYSQL");
复制代码
1 internal class DB
2 {
3 public static DB M_DS = new DB("连接串", "MYSQL");
4 public static DB NS_DS = new DB("连接串", "MYSQL");
5 public static DB M_CD = new DB("连接串", "ORACLE");
6 public static DB NS_CD = new DB("连接串", "ORACLE");
7
8 public string ConnStr { get; private set; }
9 public string DbType { get; private set; }
10
11 internal DB(string conn, string dbType)
12 {
13 ConnStr = conn;
14 DbType = dbType;
15 }
16
17 public bool IsOracle { get => DbType == "ORACLE"; }
18 public bool IsMySQL { get => DbType == "MYSQL"; }
19 }
20
21 public class DbRT : IDisposable
22 {
23 private string _connStr;
24
25
26 private connType _dbType;
27 internal DbRT(DB db, string sql = null)
28 {
29 _connStr = db.ConnStr;
30 if (db.IsOracle)
31 _dbType = new connType(typeof(OracleConnection), typeof(OracleCommand));
32 else if (db.IsMySQL)
33 _dbType = new connType(typeof(MySqlConnection), typeof(MySqlCommand));
34
35 init(sql);
36 }
37
38 private void init(string sql = null)
39 {
40 _conn = Activator.CreateInstance(_dbType.conn, _connStr) as DbConnection;
41 _conn.Open();
42
43 if (sql != null)
44 SetCommand(sql);
45 }
46
47 private IDbConnection _conn;
48 private IDbCommand _cmd;
49 private IDataReader _dr;
50 public IDataReader DataReader { get => _dr; }
51 public void SetCommand(string sql)
52 {
53 if (_dr != null) _dr.Dispose();
54 if (_cmd != null) _cmd.Dispose();
55
56 _cmd = Activator.CreateInstance(_dbType.cmd, sql, _conn) as DbCommand;
57 _dr = _cmd.ExecuteReader();
58 }
59
60 private class connType
61 {
62 public Type conn { get; set; }
63
64 public Type cmd { get; set; }
65 public connType(Type conn, Type cmd)
66 {
67 this.conn = conn;
68 this.cmd = cmd;
69 }
70 }
71 public void Dispose()
72 {
73 if (_dr != null)
74 _dr.Dispose();
75 if (_cmd != null)
76 _cmd.Dispose();
77 if (_conn != null)
78 _conn.Dispose();
79 }
80 }
复制代码
针对问题2:如何处理返回List<string>、List<int>、List<projectStruct>这种类型的数据?
如果能知道这个对象是“类”还是“值对象”,会好处理。注意,string看似值对象,但其实是特殊的 “类”。
bool isValueType = (typeof(T).IsValueType && !properties.Any()) || typeof(T) == typeof(string);
完整Query<T>代码:
var list = Query<project>(DB.NS_DS, "select * from ds.project");
复制代码
1 public static IList<T> Query<T>(DB db, string sql)
2 {
3 var result = new List<T>();
4 try
5 {
6 var properties = typeof(T).GetProperties();
7 bool isValueType = (typeof(T).IsValueType && !properties.Any()) || typeof(T) == typeof(string);
8
9 using (var conn = new DbRT(db, sql))
10 {
11 var dr = conn.Command.ExecuteReader();
12 while (dr.Read())
13 {
14 if (isValueType)
15 {
16 var val = Convert.ChangeType(dr.GetString(0), typeof(T));
17 result.Add((T)val);
18 }
19 else
20 {
21 var obj = Activator.CreateInstance(typeof(T));
22 foreach (PropertyInfo field in properties)
23 {
24 //Console.WriteLine($"{field.Name} {field.PropertyType}");
25 int index = -1;
26 try
27 {
28 index = dr.GetOrdinal(field.Name);
29 }
30 catch (IndexOutOfRangeException ex) { }
31
32 if (index > -1)
33 {
34 var val = dr.GetValue(index);
35 if (!(val is DBNull))
36 typeof(T).GetProperty(field.Name).SetValue(obj, val);
37 }
38 }
39 result.Add((T)obj);
40 }
41 }
42 dr.Close();
43
44 }
45 }
46 catch (Exception ex)
47 {
48 Console.WriteLine($"query failed : {ex.Message}");
49 }
50
51 return result;
52 }
复制代码
写完之后,比较了一下dapper的实现,可以校验我的思考上是不是有遗漏。
visual studio2022反编译dapper.dll,version=2.0.0.0代码参考:
public static IEnumerable<T> Query<T>(this IDbConnection cnn, string sql, object param = null, IDbTransaction transaction = null, bool buffered = true, int? commandTimeout = null, CommandType? commandType = null)
{
CommandDefinition command = new CommandDefinition(sql, param, transaction, commandTimeout, commandType, buffered ? CommandFlags.Buffered : CommandFlags.None);
IEnumerable<T> enumerable = cnn.QueryImpl<T>(command, typeof(T));
if (!command.Buffered)
{
return enumerable;
}
return enumerable.ToList();
}
初始化配置,暂且无视
关键语句,进去看看
private static IEnumerable<T> QueryImpl<T>(this IDbConnection cnn, CommandDefinition command, Type effectiveType)
{
object parameters = command.Parameters;
Identity identity = new Identity(command.CommandText, command.CommandType, cnn, effectiveType, parameters?.GetType());
CacheInfo cacheInfo = GetCacheInfo(identity, parameters, command.AddToCache);
IDbCommand cmd = null;
IDataReader reader = null;
bool wasClosed = cnn.State == ConnectionState.Closed;
try
{
cmd = command.SetupCommand(cnn, cacheInfo.ParamReader);
if (wasClosed)
{
cnn.Open();
}
reader = ExecuteReaderWithFlagsFallback(cmd, wasClosed, CommandBehavior.SingleResult | CommandBehavior.SequentialAccess);
wasClosed = false;
DeserializerState deserializerState = cacheInfo.Deserializer;
int columnHash = GetColumnHash(reader);
if (deserializerState.Func != null && deserializerState.Hash == columnHash)
{
goto IL_016c;
}
if (reader.FieldCount != 0)
{
DeserializerState deserializerState3 = cacheInfo.Deserializer = new DeserializerState(columnHash, GetDeserializer(effectiveType, reader, 0, -1, returnNullIfFirstMissing: false));
deserializerState = deserializerState3;
if (command.AddToCache)
{
SetQueryCache(identity, cacheInfo);
}
goto IL_016c;
}
goto end_IL_0098;
IL_016c:
Func<IDataReader, object> func = deserializerState.Func;
_ = (Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(effectiveType) ?? effectiveType);
while (reader.Read())
{
object val = func(reader);
yield return GetValue<T>(reader, effectiveType, val);
}
while (reader.NextResult())
{
}
reader.Dispose();
reader = null;
command.OnCompleted();
end_IL_0098:;
}
finally
{
if (reader != null)
{
if (!reader.IsClosed)
{
try
{
cmd.Cancel();
}
catch
{
}
}
reader.Dispose();
}
if (wasClosed)
{
cnn.Close();
}
cmd?.Parameters.Clear();
cmd?.Dispose();
}
}
已知,
effectiveType就是typeof(T);
数据库访问里面,最需要关注的对象就是:
DbConnection,
DbCommand,
DataReader
reader的实现在这里;
reader结果是有列的;
反编译出来的IL语言,
代码跳转到 IL_016c 处;
IL_016c 在这里;
val 是一行数据;
关键代码,进去看看
[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
private static T GetValue<T>(IDataReader reader, Type effectiveType, object val)
{
if (val is T)
{
return (T)val;
}
if (val == null && (!effectiveType.IsValueType || Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(effectiveType) != null))
{
return default(T);
}
Array array = val as Array;
if (array != null && typeof(T).IsArray)
{
Type elementType = typeof(T).GetElementType();
Array array2 = Array.CreateInstance(elementType, array.Length);
for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++)
{
array2.SetValue(Convert.ChangeType(array.GetValue(i), elementType, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture), i);
}
return (T)(object)array2;
}
try
{
Type conversionType = Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(effectiveType) ?? effectiveType;
return (T)Convert.ChangeType(val, conversionType, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
ThrowDataException(ex, 0, reader, val);
return default(T);
}
}
如果一行里面的数据类型就是T,代表就是一个列的值对象
如果一行数据里面有很多数据
三、小结
写完代码的时候很兴奋发给同事看,但他只是说“不就数据库连接吗,运行sql拿结果”。
他这么说是没错,但也挺泼冷水;让我不得不思考一下我代码的优胜之处。
1、 数据库配置化
在查询中,要切换数据库,只要修改第一个参数即可
var list = Query<project>(DB.NS_DS, "select * from ds.project");
维护数据库的语句,写入连接串 + 数据库类型
public static DB M_DS = new DB("连接串", "MYSQL");
2、 解决了不同数据库需要不同DbConnection类的问题
connection对象使用IDbConnection的接口类型
3、不需要逐个写数据库表对象到代码类的字段映射
© Copyright 2014 - 2024 柏港建站平台 ejk5.com. 渝ICP备16000791号-4