发布:2022/3/29 16:02:47作者:管理员 来源:本站 浏览次数:2030
最近在学习.net core,看到了.netcore中的依赖注入有三种生命周期,分别是Transient,Scoped和Singleton,其中Singleton这个生命周期比较容易理解,单例模式,创建后直到依赖注入容器被销毁才会被回收掉,但是Transient和scoped文档中就说的比较不容易理解了。
Transient lifetime services are created each time they are requested.
Scoped lifetime services are created once per request.
按文档中的描述,Transient和Scoped都是每一次request的时候创建一个新的对象,那他们的区别是什么呢,直到我找到上面这篇文档,这两个生命周期中的request的含义其实是不一样的,因为原文是英文的,我用中文又记录了一遍以供以后复习(基本是翻译的)。
正文
结论:
Transient对象总是不同的,每一个controller或者每一个以Transient对象的作为依赖的其他对象都会得到一个全新的transient对象。
Scoped对象在同一个web请求中是一样的,但是在不同的请求中是不同的。
Singleton对象对于每一个以Singleton对象的作为依赖的其他对象以及在每一次请求中都是相同的。
我们可以用一个简单的拥有唯一标识符OperationId的接口来进行实验。通过观察不同生命周期的对象在不同条件下的OperationId,可以更好地理解对象的生命周期。
首先,创建一个拥有有OperationId的简单接口,然后继承这个接口来创建之后会以不同生命周期创建的的接口
using System;
namespace DependencyInjectionSample.Interfaces
{
public interface IOperation
{
Guid OperationId { get; }
}
public interface IOperationTransient : IOperation
{
}
public interface IOperationScoped : IOperation
{
}
public interface IOperationSingleton : IOperation
{
}
public interface IOperationSingletonInstance : IOperation
{
}
}
然后实现一个继承了上面所有不同生命周期接口的类。
using System;
using DependencyInjectionSample.Interfaces;
namespace DependencyInjectionSample.Classes
{
public class Operation : IOperationTransient, IOperationScoped, IOperationSingleton, IOperationSingletonInstance
{
Guid _guid;
public Operation() : this(Guid.NewGuid())
{
}
public Operation(Guid guid)
{
_guid = guid;
}
public Guid OperationId => _guid;
}
}
然后在ConfigureService中把这些对象都注入依赖注入容器。
services.AddTransient<IOperationTransient, Operation>();
services.AddScoped<IOperationScoped, Operation>();
services.AddSingleton<IOperationSingleton, Operation>();
services.AddSingleton<IOperationSingletonInstance>(new Operation(Guid.Empty));
services.AddTransient<OperationService, OperationService>();
其中IOperationSingleton注入的是产生随机OperationId的对象,而IOperationSingletonInstance注入的是一个固定OperationId为Guid.Empty的对象。
最后,注入了一个实现了前面四种Operation接口的Operation service,以便后面观察在同一个request中Transient和Scoped对象的表现,实现如下:
using DependencyInjectionSample.Interfaces;
namespace DependencyInjectionSample.Services
{
public class OperationService
{
public IOperationTransient TransientOperation { get; }
public IOperationScoped ScopedOperation { get; }
public IOperationSingleton SingletonOperation { get; }
public IOperationSingletonInstance SingletonInstanceOperation { get; }
public OperationService(IOperationTransient transientOperation,
IOperationScoped scopedOperation,
IOperationSingleton singletonOperation,
IOperationSingletonInstance instanceOperation)
{
TransientOperation = transientOperation;
ScopedOperation = scopedOperation;
SingletonOperation = singletonOperation;
SingletonInstanceOperation = instanceOperation;
}
}
}
最后在controller中将这些对象的opertionId打印出来。
using DependencyInjectionSample.Interfaces;
using DependencyInjectionSample.Services;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
namespace DependencyInjectionSample.Controllers
{
public class OperationsController : Controller
{
private readonly OperationService _operationService;
private readonly IOperationTransient _transientOperation;
private readonly IOperationScoped _scopedOperation;
private readonly IOperationSingleton _singletonOperation;
private readonly IOperationSingletonInstance _singletonInstanceOperation;
public OperationsController(OperationService operationService,
IOperationTransient transientOperation,
IOperationScoped scopedOperation,
IOperationSingleton singletonOperation,
IOperationSingletonInstance singletonInstanceOperation)
{
_operationService = operationService;
_transientOperation = transientOperation;
_scopedOperation = scopedOperation;
_singletonOperation = singletonOperation;
_singletonInstanceOperation = singletonInstanceOperation;
}
public IActionResult Index()
{
// ViewBag contains controller-requested services
ViewBag.Transient = _transientOperation;
ViewBag.Scoped = _scopedOperation;
ViewBag.Singleton = _singletonOperation;
ViewBag.SingletonInstance = _singletonInstanceOperation;
// Operation service has its own requested services
ViewBag.Service = _operationService;
return View();
}
}
}
在Request了两次之后,结果如下
通过观察OperationId,可以看出,Singleton的对象在不同的request里都是一样的,Scoped对象在同一个request里是一样的,而Transient对象即使在同一request里面,每次出现都是不一样的。这与开头的结论一致。
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