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如何提高ASP.NET页面载入速度的方法

发布:2013/12/30 16:46:50作者:管理员 来源:本站 浏览次数:2069

如何提高ASP.NET页面载入速度的方法

前言

本文是我对ASP.NET页面载入速度提高的一些做法,这些做法分为以下部分:

1.采用 HTTP Module 控制页面的生命周期。

2.自定义Response.Filter得到输出流stream生成动态页面的静态内容(磁盘缓存)。

3.页面GZIP压缩。

4.OutputCache 编程方式输出页面缓存。

5.删除页面空白字符串。(类似Google)

6.完全删除ViewState。

7.删除服务器控件生成的垃圾NamingContainer。

8.使用计划任务按时生成页面。(本文不包含该做法的实现)

9.JS,CSS压缩、合并、缓存,图片缓存。(限于文章篇幅,本文不包含该做法的实现)

10.缓存破坏。(不包含第9做法的实现)

针对上述做法,我们首先需要一个 HTTP 模块,它是整个页面流程的入口和核心。

一、自定义Response.Filter得到输出流stream生成动态页面的静态内容(磁盘缓存)

如下的代码我们可以看出,我们以 request.RawUrl 为缓存基础,因为它可以包含任意的QueryString变量,然后我们用MD5加密RawUrl 得到服务器本地文件名的变量,再实例化一个FileInfo操作该文件,如果文件最后一次生成时间小于7天,我们就使用.Net2.0新增的TransmitFile方法将存储文件的静态内容发送到浏览器。如果文件不存在,我们就操作 response.Filter 得到的 Stream 传递给 CommonFilter 类,并利用FileStream写入动态页面的内容到静态文件中。


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namespace ASPNET_CL.Code.HttpModules
{
    public class CommonModule : IHttpModule
    {
        public void Init(HttpApplication application)
        {
            application.BeginRequest += Application_BeginRequest;
        }
        private void Application_BeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            var context= HttpContext.Current;
            var request = context.Request;
            var url = request.RawUrl;
            var response = context.Response;
            var path = GetPath(url);
            var file = new FileInfo(path);
            if (DateTime.Now.Subtract(file.LastWriteTime).TotalDays < 7)
            {
                response.TransmitFile(path);
                response.End();
                return;
            }
            try
            {
                var stream = file.OpenWrite();
                response.Filter= new CommonFilter(response.Filter, stream);
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                Log.Insert("");
            }
        }
        public void Dispose() { }
        private static string GetPath(string url)
        {
            var hash = Hash(url);
            string fold = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("~/Temp/");
            return string.Concat(fold, hash);
        }
        private static string Hash(string url)
        {
            url = url.ToUpperInvariant();
            var md5 = new System.Security.Cryptography.MD5CryptoServiceProvider();
            var bs = md5.ComputeHash(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(url));
            var s = new StringBuilder();
            foreach (var b in bs)
            {
                s.Append(b.ToString("x2").ToLower());
            }
            return s.ToString();
        }
    }
}

二、页面GZIP压缩

对页面GZIP压缩几乎是每篇讲解高性能WEB程序的几大做法之一,因为使用GZIP压缩可以降低服务器发送的字节数,能让客户感觉到网页的速度更快也减少了对带宽的使用情况。当然,这里也存在客户端的浏览器是否支持它。因此,我们要做的是,如果客户端支持GZIP,我们就发送GZIP压缩过的内容,如果不支持,我们直接发送静态文件的内容。幸运的是,现代浏览器IE6.7.8.0,火狐等都支持GZIP。

为了实现这个功能,我们需要改写上面的 Application_BeginRequest 事件:


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private void Application_BeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    var context = HttpContext.Current;
    var request = context.Request;
    var url = request.RawUrl;
    var response = context.Response;
    var path = GetPath(url);
    var file = new FileInfo(path);
    // 使用页面压缩 ResponseCompressionType compressionType = this.GetCompressionMode(request );
    if (compressionType != ResponseCompressionType.None)
    {
        response.AppendHeader("Content-Encoding", compressionType.ToString().ToLower());
        if (compressionType == ResponseCompressionType.GZip)
        {
            response.Filter = new GZipStream(response.Filter, CompressionMode.Compress);
        }
        else
        {
            response.Filter = new DeflateStream(response.Filter, CompressionMode.Compress);
        }
    }
    if (DateTime.Now.Subtract(file.LastWriteTime).TotalMinutes < 5)
    {
        response.TransmitFile(path);
        response.End();
        return;
    }
    try
    {
        var stream = file.OpenWrite();
        response.Filter = new CommonFilter(response.Filter, stream);
    }
    catch (Exception)
    {
        //Log.Insert("");
    }
}
private ResponseCompressionType GetCompressionMode(HttpRequest request)
{
    string acceptEncoding = request.Headers["Accept-Encoding"];
    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(acceptEncoding))
        return ResponseCompressionType.None;
    acceptEncoding = acceptEncoding.ToUpperInvariant();
    if (acceptEncoding.Contains("GZIP"))
        return ResponseCompressionType.GZip;
    else if (acceptEncoding.Contains("DEFLATE"))
        return ResponseCompressionType.Deflate;
    else
        return ResponseCompressionType.None;
}
private enum ResponseCompressionType { None, GZip, Deflate }

三、OutputCache 编程方式输出页面缓存

ASP.NET内置的 OutputCache 缓存可以将内容缓存在三个地方:Web服务器、代理服务器和浏览器。当用户访问一个被设置为 OutputCache的页面时,ASP.NET在MSIL之后,先将结果写入output cache缓存,然后在发送到浏览器,当用户访问同一路径的页面时,ASP.NET将直接发送被Cache的内容,而不经过.aspx编译以及执行MSIL的过程,所以,虽然程序的本身效率没有提升,但是页面载入速度却得到了提升。

为了实现这个功能,我们继续改写上面的 Application_BeginRequest 事件,我们在 TransmitFile 后,将这个路径的页面以OutputCache编程的方式缓存起来:


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private void Application_BeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
{ //.............
    if (DateTime.Now.Subtract(file.LastWriteTime).TotalMinutes < 5)
    {
        response.TransmitFile(
            path);
        // 添加 OutputCache 缓存头,并缓存在客户端
        response.Cache.SetExpires(DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(
    5));
        response.Cache.SetCacheability(HttpCacheability.Public);
        response.End();
        return;
    }
    //............
}

四、实现CommonFilter类过滤ViewState、过滤NamingContainer、空白字符串,以及生成磁盘的缓存文件

我们传入response.Filter的Stream对象给CommonFilter类:

首先,我们用先Stream的Write方法实现生成磁盘的缓存文件,代码如下,在这些代码中,只有初始化构造函数,Write方法,Close方式是有用的,其中FileStream字段是生成静态文件的操作对象:


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namespace ASPNET_CL.Code.HttpModules
{
    public class CommonFilter : Stream
    {
        private readonly Stream _responseStream;
        private readonly FileStream _cacheStream;
        public override bool CanRead
        {
            get
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
        public override bool CanSeek
        {
            get
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
        public override bool CanWrite
        {
            get
            {
                return _responseStream.CanWrite;
            }
        }
        public override long Length
        {
            get
            {
                throw new NotSupportedException();
            }
        }
        public override long Position
        {
            get
            {
                throw new NotSupportedException();
            }
            set
            {
                throw
                    new NotSupportedException();
            }
        }
        public CommonFilter(Stream responseStream, FileStream stream)
        {
            _responseStream = responseStream;
            _cacheStream = stream;
        }
        public override long Seek(long offset, SeekOrigin origin)
        {
            throw new NotSupportedException();
        }
        public override void SetLength(long length)
        {
            throw new NotSupportedException();
        }
        public override int Read(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
        {
            throw new NotSupportedException();
        }
        public override void Flush()
        {
            _responseStream.Flush();
            _cacheStream.Flush();
        }
        public override void Write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
        {
            _cacheStream.Write(
                buffer, offset, count);
            _responseStream.Write(buffer, offset, count);
        }
        public override void Close()
        {
            _responseStream.Close();
            _cacheStream.Close();
        }
        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            if (disposing)
            {
                _responseStream.Dispose();
                _cacheStream.Dispose();
            }
        }
    }
}

然后我们利用正则完全删除ViewState:


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// 过滤ViewState
private string ViewStateFilter(string strHTML)
{
    string matchString1 = "type=\"hidden\" name=\"__VIEWSTATE\" id=\"__VIEWSTATE\"";
    string matchString2 = "type=\"hidden\" name=\"__EVENTVALIDATION\" id=\"__EVENTVALIDATION\"";
    stringmatchString3 = "type=\"hidden\" name=\"__EVENTTARGET\" id=\"__EVENTTARGET\"";
    stringmatchString4 = "type=\"hidden\" name=\"__EVENTARGUMENT\" id=\"__EVENTARGUMENT\"";
    string positiveLookahead1 = "(?=.*(" + Regex.Escape(matchString1) + "))";
    stringpositiveLookahead2 = "(?=.*(" + Regex.Escape(matchString2) + "))";
    string positiveLookahead3 = "(?=.*(" + Regex.Escape(matchString3) + "))";
    string positiveLookahead4 = "(?=.*(" + Regex.Escape(matchString4) + "))";
    RegexOptions opt = RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.Singleline | RegexOptions.CultureInvariant | RegexOptions.Compiled;
    Regex[] arrRe = new Regex[] { new Regex("\\s*<div>" + positiveLookahead1 + "(.*?)</div>\\s*", opt), new Regex("\\s*<div>" + positiveLookahead2 + "(.*?)</div>\\s*", opt), new Regex("\\s*<div>" + positiveLookahead3 + "(.*?)</div>\\s*", opt), new Regex("\\s*<div>" + positiveLookahead3 + "(.*?)</div>\\s*", opt), new Regex("\\s*<div>" + positiveLookahead4 + "(.*?)</div>\\s*", opt) };
    foreach (Regex re in arrRe)
    {
        strHTML = re.Replace(strHTML, "");
    }
    return strHTML;
}

以下是删除页面空白的方法:

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// 删除空白
private Regex tabsRe = new Regex("\\t", RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Multiline);
private Regex carriageReturnRe = new Regex(">\\r\\n<", RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Multiline);
private Regex carriageReturnSafeRe = new Regex("\\r\\n", RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Multiline);
private Regex multipleSpaces = new Regex(" ", RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Multiline);
private Regex spaceBetweenTags = new Regex(">\\s<", RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Multiline);
private string WhitespaceFilter(string html)
{
    html = tabsRe.Replace(html, string.Empty);
    html = carriageReturnRe.Replace(html, "><");
 
    html = carriageReturnSafeRe.Replace(html, " ");
    while (multipleSpaces.IsMatch(html))
        html = multipleSpaces.Replace(html, " ");
    html = spaceBetweenTags.Replace(html, "><");
    html = html.Replace("//<![CDATA[", "");
    html = html.Replace("//]]>", "");
    return html;
}

以下是删除ASP.NET控件的垃圾UniqueID名称方法:

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// 过滤NamingContainer
private string NamingContainerFilter(string html)
{
    RegexOptions opt = RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.Singleline | RegexOptions.CultureInvariant | RegexOptions.Compiled;
    Regex re = new Regex("( name=\")(?=.*(" + Regex.Escape("$") + "))([^\"]+?)(\")", opt);
    html = re.Replace(html, new MatchEvaluator(delegate(Match m)
    {
        int lastDollarSignIndex = m.Value.LastIndexOf('$');
        if (lastDollarSignIndex >= 0)
        {
            return m.Groups[1].Value + m.Value.Substring(lastDollarSignIndex + 1);
        }
        else
        {
            return m.Value;
        }
    }));
    return html;
}

最后,我们把以上过滤方法整合到CommonFilter类的Write方法:


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public override void Write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
{
    // 转换buffer为字符串
    byte[] data = new byte[count];
    Buffer.BlockCopy(buffer, offset, data, 0, count);
    string html = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer);
    // 以下整合过滤方法
    html = NamingContainerFilter(html);
    html = ViewStateFilter(html);
    html = WhitespaceFilter(html);
    byte[] outdata = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(html);
    // 写入磁盘
    _cacheStream.Write(outdata, 0, outdata.GetLength(0));
    _responseStream.Write(outdata, 0, outdata.GetLength(0));
}

五、缓存破坏

经过以上程序的实现,网页已经被高速缓存在客户端了,如果果用户访问网站被缓存过的页面,则页面会以0请求的速度加载页面。但是,如果后台更新了某些数据,前台用户则不能及时看到最新的数据,因此要改变这种情况,我们必须破坏缓存。根据我们如上的程序,我们破坏缓存只需要做2步:更新服务器上的临时文件,删除OutputCache过的页面。

更新服务器上的文件我们只需删除这个文件即可,当某一用户第一次访问该页面时会自动生成,当然,你也可以用程序先删除后生成:


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   // 更新文件
foreach (var file in Directory.GetFiles(HttpRuntime.AppDomainAppPath + "Temp"))
   {
       File.Delete(file);
   }

要删除OutputCache关联的缓存项,代码如下,我们只需要保证该方法的参数,指页面的绝对路径是正确的,路径不能使用../这样的相对路径:


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// 删除缓存 
HttpResponse.RemoveOutputCacheItem( "/Default.aspx" );

到此,我们实现了针对一个页面的性能,重点是载入速度的提高的一些做法,希望对大家有用~!